O tema do presente artigo é a presença de elementos míticos na obra do pré-socrático Empédocles de Agrigento. O problema que nos dispomos a abordar é discutir a possibilidade de haver uma noção filosófica que tenha ao mesmo tempo significado mitológico e filosófico. Os objetivos foram num primeiro momento resgatar a figura do _aedo _a fim de mostrar a persistência de formas poéticas antigas na nascente filosofia. Em seguida, comparamos a teogonia de Hesíodo com a cosmologia empedocleana de forma a (...) destacar a estrutura narrativa subjacente, isto é, o jogo de forças cósmicas personalizadas, assim como a concepção mítica da Idade de Ouro. E por fim discutimos os pontos de interseção entre práticas purificadoras presentes na poesia do agrigentino e preceitos religiosos derivados da tradição órfica. Nossa metodologia foi essencialmente bibliográfica ao apresentar vários estudiosos sobre os temas escolhidos. Nossos resultados indicam que a noção de _daimon_ perpassa as três fontes referidas, de modo que sua abrangência elástica dialoga tanto com o mito quanto com a filosofia e a poesia. Concluímos que Empédocles inspirou-se nas antigas poesias hesiódicas e práticas órficas para realização e formação do seu pensamento apresentando, pois, alguns elementos míticos em sua filosofia. (shrink)

Seria possível uma sociedade em que a crueldade provocasse uma comoção absoluta em todos os seus membros, de modo que o grande objetivo fosse a sua não realização? A solidariedade seria possível em uma perspectiva em que esta não fosse concebida como o absoluto, o universal desde sempre? Estes são alguns dos questionamentos com que Richard Rorty, filósofo pragmatista, estadunidense e liberal, ao final da década de 1980, provoca-nos nas páginas do seu livro “Contingência, ironia e solidariedade”, considerado por muitos (...) estudiosos como a obra-chave de seus escritos, superando inclusive o relevante “Filosofia e o espelho da natureza”. Em “Contingência, ironia e solidariedade” o autor trabalha mais explicitamente com as categorias com as quais passou a conceber seus escritos posteriores e que representam sua proposta mais amadurecida, tais como os termos “redescrição”, “autocriação” e “ironista liberal”. (shrink)

A pandemia da COVID-19 causou uma completa modificação nas formas de interação e comportamento social, visto que a contenção do vírus tornou-se prioridade mundial. O Estado, junto à medicina, passou a determinar os protocolos sanitários seguidos pela comunidade. A partir da indagação do filósofo Giorgio Agamben acerca da facilidade na qual uma sociedade permitiu considerar-se contagiada e entendendo como um período de calamidade deflagra a fragilidade da racionalidade científica diante da demanda por cura, neste artigo objetivou-se analisar se a medicina (...) tem respondido às demandas místicas a ela solicitadas, ou mesmo, se tem forjado demandas mistificadoras que reforçam seu lugar de poder social. Para tal, notas e documentos e posicionamentos de figuras políticas e instituições médicas brasileiras estarão aqui postos em pauta como vitrine que permite a análise da presença do caráter místico no discurso da medicina. É trazida aqui a oportunidade de ponderar as consequências decorrentes da ausência de questionamento acerca da cientificidade das instituições médicas e de suas influências na sociedade contemporânea. A exploração abrange não apenas o funcionamento baseado em conhecimento, mas também ressalta a influência da fé. Portanto, é um convite à reflexão sobre como a prática médica nos convida ao apego da crença na ciência. (shrink)

O presente trabalho pretende resgatar o debate entre Richard Rorty e Nancy Fraser, ocorrido no início da década de 1990, especificamente a partir do texto Feminismo e Pragmatismo apresentado na Tanner Lectures on Human Value. Nesta conferência o filósofo discorreu sobre a possibilidade de conciliação entre o seu pragmatismo e o feminismo. Rorty aborda o feminismo enquanto autocriação da mulher através da “redescrição” mediante a manifestação poética, onde o filósofo encara as feministas como criadoras do novo. Em seguida, exporemos a (...) crítica de Fraser, que trabalha sobre a proposta apresentada pelo pragmatista e que oferece suas próprias ideias dentro de uma concepção do feminismo como movimento democrático de massa. Ao final, uma breve avaliação das implicações das críticas e sugestões apresentadas por Rorty ao feminismo e também da resposta de Fraser. (shrink)

Virginia Held nos propõe em seu capítulo “Care and Human Rights”, do livro Philosophical Foudantion of Human Rights, que utilizemos a perspectiva da ética do cuidado para pensar e efetivar as demandas que escolhemos tratar com a linguagem dos direitos humanos, na qual se prioriza tradicionalmente as questões da justiça. Ainda que reconheça a importância que os direitos humanos possuem em mobilizar forças tanto em âmbito internacional como na esfera nacional, no que diz respeito à efetivação de leis e de (...) políticas voltadas para problemas que afetam seriamente as populações dos países, Held frisa que milhares de pessoas ainda escapam a esse alcance, inclusive crianças, que morrem em número alarmante por desnutrição ou por doenças tratáveis. Destaca, ainda, que nossa concepção de direitos humanos é herdeira de uma visão individualista e violenta da tradição liberal, na qual o sujeito solitário vai enfrentar sozinho as forças do mundo, incluindo aí a natureza e as outras pessoas. Uma ética do cuidado, pela sua característica de reconhecer nossa situação necessária de vulnerabilidade e de interdependência, propõe-se como uma alternativa mais eficiente, por focar na relação entre cuidador/a e cuidado/a, buscando-se afastar das abstrações tradicionais como as que ela entende ser as demais abordagens éticas como a kantiana e a utilitarista, ainda tributárias daquela tradição liberal. (shrink)

Childhood has been historically and socially linked to the idea of lack, absence, or incompleteness. This understanding has led to the consequent idea that the adult universe could fill it--complete it with what it is supposedly missing. Historically speaking, the adult exercise of power over children has become generalized and has acquired a strong ally in the educative process. We presume to know so much about children, and we interpret them from the point of view of what we ourselves have (...) been, or from what we imagine we have been been. Our individual experiences are perceived as models for the infant understanding of things. Paradoxically enough, our knowledge about childhood separates us from it. We already know a lot about childhood, we think; there’s nothing more to say. But maybe that’s preferable, for if there is nothing more to say about childhood, the time to learn with children what childhood has to say to us has come. To think childhood only in the space allowed within the margins of our interpretative schemes is to mistrust the possibility that children can or have ever escaped those imposed dimensions. But, what about thinking childhood on or outside those margins? To talk about the childhood invented by the Brazilian poet Manoel de Barros, by his memories and ours, and to search for new concepts of childhood, demands a different approach. Childhood as we have come to understand here makes of teaching--as of reading and writing in general--a poetic experience, full of feelings, emotion and reason. What is proposed here as a project of inquiry is in this case the same as many others, but also profoundly different, and difficult to inaugurate, for here the object—childhood--is altered by the gaze of the inquirer herself, which implicitly changes the character and even the details of the methodology which follow from the gaze. (shrink)

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a much-discussed subject in the business world. The Internet has become one of the main tools for CSR information disclosure, allowing companies to publicise more information less expensively and faster than ever before. As a result, corporations are increasingly concerned with communicating ethically and responsibly to the diversity of stakeholders through the web. This paper addresses the main question as whether CSR information disclosure on corporate websites is influenced by country of origin and/or industry (...) sector. Analysing the websites of 127 corporations from emerging countries, such as Brazil, Chile, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Thailand and South Africa, it becomes evident that both country of origin and industry sector have a significant influence over CSR information disclosure on the web (CSRIDOW). Based on the data studied, country of origin has a stronger influence over CSRIDOW than industry sector. (shrink)

Is behavioral integration a necessary feature of belief in folk psychology? Our data from over 5,000 people across 26 samples, spanning 22 countries suggests that it is not. Given the surprising cross-cultural robustness of our findings, we argue that the types of evidence for the ascription of a belief are, at least in some circumstances, lexicographically ordered: assertions are first taken into account, and when an agent sincerely asserts that p, nonlinguistic behavioral evidence is disregarded. In light of this, we (...) take ourselves to have discovered a universal principle governing the ascription of beliefs in folk psychology. (shrink)

Taking literally the concept of emotional truth requires breaking the monopoly on truth of belief-like states. To this end, I look to perceptions for a model of non-propositional states that might be true or false, and to desires for a model of propositional attitudes the norm of which is other than the semantic satisfaction of their propositional object. Those models inspire a conception of generic truth, which can admit of degrees for analogue representations such as emotions; belief-like states, by contrast, (...) are digital representations. I argue that the gravest problem-objectivity-is not insurmountable. /// [Adam Morton] It is accuracy rather than truth itself that is valuable. Emotional truth is a dubious though attractive notion, but emotional accuracy is much easier to make sense of. My approach to accuracy goes via an account of what makes a story accurate. Stories can be accurate but not true, and emotions can be accurate whether or not they are true. The capacity for emotional accuracy, for emotions that fit a person's situation, is an aspect of emotional intelligence, which is as important an aspect of rational human agency as the intelligent formation of beliefs and desires. (shrink)

Este artigo objetiva analisar discursos produzidos sobre práticas do cultivo do arroz na paisagem de Joinville. Paisagens do arroz podem ser consideradas como expressão do trabalho dos homens sobre a terra; elas modificam a natureza e representam identidades culturais de diferentes grupos ao longo do tempo. Em Joinville, discursos sobre os arrozais têm sido relacionados à memória italiana e repercutido pelos processos migratórios de rizicultores no século XX, no bairro Vila Nova. Contudo, em diálogo com fontes históricas, podem ser reconhecidas (...) práticas e paisagens de cultivo do arroz em Joinville desde o século XIX. (shrink)

Este estudo, realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, tem como foco a Ética da Libertação de Dussel, com o objetivo de refletir sobre a relação entre o Eu e o Outro no campo social, debatendo a questão da exclusão social. A partir de sua ética analisa-se criticamente o discurso eurocêntrico moderno e a possibilidade de superação do irracionalismo moderno, por meio da razão crítico-libertadora. Está estruturado em duas partes: na primeira, apresentamos o olhar de Dussel sobre a modernidade, focando o (...) debate para o eu e o outro no pensamento moderno e, na segunda, tecemos reflexões a partir da Ética da Libertação de Dussel sobre a possibilidade de superação do irracionalismo moderno, por meio da razão libertadora. (shrink)

ENTREVISTA COM PROFESSORAS (ES) DE FILOSOFIA DO ENSINO SUPERIOR DO CEARÁ – BLOCO IICom: Cristiane Maria Marinho, Francisco José da Silva, Camila do Espírito Santo Prado de OliveiraPor: Antônio Alex Pereira de Sousa, Paulo Willame Araújo de Lima.

Trata-se, no presente artigo, de analisar as mudanças que historicamente tem ocorrido no EU e as rupturas na apreensâo da realidade. As atuais transformaçoes da realidade teriam levado a um asvaziamento do ser? Ou ainda, a realidade nâo teria mais nada a ver com o sujeito? Como apreender essas transformaçoes? Esta investigaçâo faz-se valer da leitura de Gramsci, por meio da qual a unidade entre se e o pensar aparece como uma possibilidade de superaçao da metafísica do sujeito à elaboraçâo (...) de uma ontología concreta. (shrink)

The distribution pattern of the meiotic machinery in known eukaryotes is most parsimoniously explained by the hypothesis that all eukaryotes are ancestrally sexual. However, this assumption is questioned by preliminary results, in culture conditions. These suggested that Acanthamoeba, an organism considered to be largely asexual, constitutively expresses meiosis genes nevertheless—at least in the lab. This apparent disconnect between the “meiosis toolkit” and sexual processes in Acanthamoeba led to the conclusion that the eukaryotic ancestor is asexual. In this review, the “meiosis (...) toolkit” is rigorously defended, drawing on numerous research articles. Additionally, the claim of constitutive meiotic gene expression is probed in Acanthamoeba via the same transcriptomics data. The results show that the expression of the meiotic machinery is not constitutive in Acanthamoeba as claimed before. Furthermore, it is argued that this would have no implications for understanding the nature of the eukaryotic ancestor, regardless of the result. (shrink)

AimThe aim of our study was to analyze physical activity levels, sitting time, physical fitness, and their relationship with depressive symptoms after home confinement in previously active older adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study sample comprised 68 older adults from a community-based exercise program conducted in Porto, Portugal. After home confinement, participants were assessed in person for lower-body strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, agility/dynamic balance, handgrip strength, and anthropometry. Telephone interviews were performed to evaluate depressive symptoms with the Geriatric Depression Scale – 15 items and (...) physical activity levels through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Individuals were also asked to self-report changes in their physical activity levels and time spent sitting.ResultsNinety percent of older adults self-reported a decrease in overall physical activity levels, and nearly 65% increased daily sitting time during the home confinement. However, previously active older adults still presented high levels of physical fitness after 11 weeks of home confinement. Overall, 52.9% of participants scored 5 or more points on GDS-15, which is suggestive of depression. Higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness were found in the non-depressed group compared with the depressed group. Finally, results from multiple regression analysis revealed that MVPA was negatively associated with depression. This model explained 16.4% of the variability seen in depression score, controlled for age, gender, and education.ConclusionEven reporting a decline in physical activity, older adults who previously participated in a formal exercise program, still presented high levels of physical fitness after 11 weeks of home confinement. However, MVPA, but not physical fitness, seems to be an associated depression score in previously active older adults. These results reinforce the importance of older adults to remain physically active, since higher levels of MVPA may have a protective effect on depressive symptoms and, therefore, mitigate the negative impact of home confinement on mental health. Future longitudinal research studies are needed to ascertain these results. (shrink)

We propose a special look at new epistemological possibilities in constructing knowledge to fill the gap between theory development and its practical and societal applications. We turn our attention to the strategy field of studies, which is traditionally positivist, but that also accommodates some timid attempts to produce content from other onto-epistemological bases, such as strategy as practice. Then, we explore the possible interchange between strategy as practice and the Epistemologies of the South. Once strategy as practice is based on (...) practice rationality, which conceives social life as continuous production, it allows considering a wider diversity of social experiences surrounding strategic management. Likewise, the Epistemologies of the South represent a processual approach, which considers the social realities of developing countries and allows the inclusion of marginalized voices in social sciences' theorizing movements. We develop a conceptual-methodological guide for researchers to reflect on the possible ways to systematically rescue pieces of many social experiences forgotten by normal science, promoting cognitive and social justice in research, especially in the strategy field. Our proposal is a reflection about exploring what is not done, what is not practiced and make possible to expand the universe of social experiences considered for analysis in organizational and management studies. In doing so, we call the attention of scholars to start a paradigm shift from marginalization to the inclusion of multiple social realities toward cognitive and social democracy in research. (shrink)

Inicialmente, o texto indaga sobre o significado do exercício do filósofo social; pretende também localizar as origens do debate moderno sobre ‘subjetividade’ no pensamento filosófico e social. As idéias norteadoras de Kant, se situam na confluência e na disjunção entre razão (conhecimento) e subjetividade (moral). A partir dessa referência, o debate entre alguns pensadores considerados como pós-modernos (Badiou e Zizek), por um lado, e por outro Castoriadis que recusa esta nomenclatura, vão derivando idéias novas sobre ‘sujeito’ e ‘verdade’. Esse debate (...) não é sem conseqüências para a teoria sociológica que assume para si o desafio de introduzir a categoria de ‘sujeito’ em seus cânones (Touraine). As reflexões de Stengers servem também para questionar e aproximar as práticas da produção do conhecimento e dos discursos científicos. Finalmente, restam desafios para se pensar teorias e práticas sócio-ambientais à luz desses conceitos apresentados ao longo do texto. (shrink)

O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar a análise de caso experenciado pelos coautores em Unidade de Acolhimento em Maceió que recebe crianças de 0 a 6 anos em razão de desamparo e abandono. Foi utilizada a metodologia do estudo de campo, qualitativo, do tipo pesquisa-ação, a partir de visitações ao LACA. Pensar essa perspectiva a partir das relações entre Habermas, Freud e Winnicott, em uma relação entre Filosofia e Psicanálise a partir de processos comunicativos desfigurados pela violência e a urgência (...) de postular processos reconstrutivos democráticos em que as ações linguísticas salvaguardem a integridade das crianças que viveram experiências deploráveis e foram rasuradas por comunicações desconfiguradas por diversos tipos de violências: físicas, psíquicas e emocionais. Concluiu-se que as crianças de tenra idade já apresentam comunicação desfigurada pela violência e que as relações consitutivas entre Estado de Direito Democrático e Justiça Social são forças constitutivas e imprescindíveis para a proteção dos seres humanos em níveis profundos de vulnerabilidades sociais. (shrink)

22 contributions from art and architecture historians on the perceptions and transformation in the arts and architecture in relation to "urban spaces". This book explores the convergence of aesthetic/artistic/architectural relations between different sciences, the complexity of knowledge, systems, and how the artistic practices of various kinds propose methods of study and analysis for urban understanding and perception phenomena which transform modes human sensitivity through technological interfaces.

Este trabajo analiza el discurso de la cooperación técnica brasileña para la promoción del desarrollo en los países africanos, relacionándolo con el aumento significativo de las inversiones en las empresas brasileñas en el continente. La estabilidad política, junto con el éxito de la economía brasileña, ha favorecido una participación más activa en la coordinación de la política mundial y el aumento de la cooperación con los países de Sudamérica, pero sobre todo en países africanos como Mozambique. Los países africanos se (...) han convertido en importantes receptores de la cooperación técnica en el marco del discurso de la solidaridad internacional y la necesidad de compensación de la deuda histórica. Sin embargo, si este discurso se propaga a la desvinculación de los intereses económicos en un momento de crisis económica mundial, es imprescindible reflexionar sobre las limitaciones del discurso desinteresado. En este sentido, a partir de la documentación producida por la diplomacia brasileña y las posiciones de Brasil y Mozambique en la escena internacional, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar el discurso brasileño, especialmente en Mozambique, en contra de la lógica capitalista de producción impregnada de un escenario de crisis internacional. (shrink)

How should we understand the emotional rationality? This first part will explore two models of cognition and analogy strategies, test their intuition about the emotional desire. I distinguish between subjective and objective desire, then presents with a feeling from the "paradigm of drama" export semantics, here our emotional repertoire is acquired all the learned, and our emotions in the form of an object is fixed. It is pretty well in line with the general principles of rationality, especially the lowest reasonable (...) principles. Turned to the second part of this side of reasonable. I will inquire how emotional beliefs, desires, and behaviors contribute to the rationality. I will present a very general biological hypothesis: emotions by controlling highlights the characteristics of perception and reasoning, so that we remove the difficulties due in particular to lead to paralysis; they are being simulated by a simplified perception of information, thus limiting our practice and cognitive choice. How are we to understand emotional or axiological rationality? I pursue analogies with both the cognitive and the strategic models, testing them against intuitions about emotional desires. We distinguish two different classes of desires, the subjective and the objective, and propose that emotions have a semantics that derives from "paradigmatic scenarios", in terms of which our emotional repertoire is learned and the formal objects of our emotions fixed. This fits in well with emerging facts about how our emotional capacities develop, and it can also be squared with the general principles of rationality, particularly minimal rationality. In the second part, I return to the perspective of rationality. I ask how emotions contribute to the rationality of beliefs, desires, and behavior. I proffer a very general biological hypothesis: Emotions spare us the paralysis potentially induced by a particular predicament by controlling the salience of features of perception and reasoning; they temporarily mimic the informational encapsulation of perception and so circumscribe our practical and cognitive options. (shrink)

Skipper and Millstein (2005) argued that existing conceptions of mechanisms failed to "get at" natural selection, but left open the possibility that a refined conception of mechanisms could resolve the problems that they identified. I respond to Skipper and Millstein, and argue that while many of their points have merit, their objections can be overcome and that natural selection can be characterized as a mechanism. In making this argument, I discuss the role of regularity in mechanisms, and develop an account (...) of stochastic (i.e., probabilistic) mechanisms. Explaining the phenomenon of adaptation through the mechanism of natural selection illustrates the power and flexibility of using mechanistic strategies to explain natural phenomena. (shrink)

In this urbane and witty book, Ronald de Sousa disputes the widespread notion that reason and emotion are natural antagonists.

The standard approach to the core phenomenology of thought insertion characterizes it in terms of a normal sense of thought ownership coupled with an abnormal sense of thought agency. Recently, Fernández (2010) has argued that there are crucial problems with this approach and has proposed instead that what goes wrong fundamentally in such a phenomenology is a sense of thought commitment, characterized in terms of thought endorsement. In this paper, we argue that even though Fernández raises new issues that enrich (...) the topic, his proposal cannot rival the version of the standard approach we shall defend. (shrink)

Experimental results in reference to Brazilian children and adults are presented in the context of current discussions about essentialism and folkbiology. Using an adoption paradigm, we replicate the basic findings of a previous article in this journal concerning the early emergence in children of a birth-parent bias. This cognitive bias supports the claim that causal essentialism cross-culturally constrains the reasoning about the origin, development and maintenance of the characteristics and identity of living kinds. We also report some intriguing differences with (...) earlier findings that speak to theoretical and methodological issues of cultural relativity. (shrink)

Basic motor competencies are a prerequisite for children to be physically active, participate in sports and thus develop a healthy, active lifestyle. The present study provides a broad screening of BMC and associations with age, sex, body mass index and extracurricular physical activity in 10 different European countries. The different country and regional contexts within Europe will offer a novel view on already established BMC associations. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 regions in 10 European countries in 2018. The (...) motor competence areas, object movement and self-movement, were assessed using the MOBAK-1-2 test instrument in 3758 first and second graders during Physical Education classes. Children were questioned about their extracurricular PA and age. Their body weight and height were measured in order to calculate BMI. Statistical analyses included variances and correlations. The results showed significant differences in BMC levels between countries whereas associations between BMC and correlates were similar. Boys performed significantly better in OM while girls performed better in SM. Age was consistently positively related to OM and SM with older children reaching higher levels of BMC than younger ones. While participation rates for extracurricular PA differed widely, participation in ball sports was correlated with OM and SM. Participation in individual sports showed a significant association with SM. In summary, BMC levels of children seem to depend on where they live and are strongly related to their participation in extracurricular PA. Therefore, education and health policies, in order to enhance motor competence development and PA participation, are recommended. Further research on country-specific Physical Education frameworks and their influence on BMC will provide more insights into structural factors and cultural characteristics of BMC development. On a school level, support tools and educational materials for teachers about BMC may enable children to achieve a basic level of motor competencies through Physical Education, contributing to lifelong participation in PA. (shrink)

The word "truth" retains, in common use, traces of origins that link it to trust, truth, and truce, connoting ideas of fidelity, loyalty, and authenticity. The word has become, in contemporary philosophy, encased in a web of technicalities, but we know that a true image is a faithful portrait; a true friend a loyal one. In a novel or a poem, too, we have a feel for what is emotionally true, though we are not concerned with the actuality of events (...) and characters depicted. To have emotions is to care about certain things: we can wonder whether those things are really worth caring about. We can wonder whether our passions reflect who we are, and whether they constitute fitting responses to the vicissitudes of life. So there are two aspects to emotional truth: how well an emotion reflects the threats and promises of the world, and how well it reflects our own individual nature. That is the starting point of this book, which looks first at the analogies and disanalogies between strict propositional truth and a looser, "generic" sense of truth. As applied to emotions, generic truth is closer to those original meanings: as in a portrait's fidelity or friend's loyalty. Taken in this sense, the notion of emotional truth opens up large vistas on areas of life essential to our existence as social beings, and to our concerns with beauty, morality, love, death, sex, knowledge, desire, coherence, and happiness. Each of those topics illustrates some facet of the dominant theme of the book: the crucial but often ambivalent role of our emotions in grounding and yet also sometimes undermining our values. Emotions act, in holistic perspective, as ultimate arbiters of values where different and independently justified standards of value compete. (shrink)

Emotions can be the subject of moral judgments; they can also constitute the basis for moral judgments. The apparent circularity which arises if we accept both of these claims is the central topic of this paper: how can emotions be both judge and party in the moral court? The answer I offer regards all emotions as potentially relevant to ethics, rather than singling out a privileged set of moral emotions. It relies on taking a moderate position both on the question (...) of the naturalness of emotions and on that of their objectivity as revealers of value: emotions are neither simply natural nor socially constructed, and they apprehend objective values, but those values are multidimensional and relative to human realities. The axiological position I defend jettisons the usual foundations for ethical judgments, and grounds these judgments instead on a rationally informed reflective equilibrium of comprehensive emotional attitudes, tempered with a dose of irony. (shrink)

Emotions are Janus‐faced. They tell us something about the world, and they tell us something about ourselves. This suggests that we might speak of a truth, or perhaps two kinds of truths of emotions, one of which is about self and the other about conditions in the world. On some views, the latter comes by means of the former. Insofar as emotions manifest our inner life, however, we are more inclined to speak of authenticity rather than truth. What is the (...) difference? We need to distinguish the criteria of correspondence or appropriateness suitable for authenticity from those that embody the criterion of truth. Furthermore there is also a question about the transitions – among states of mind, and between states of mind and behaviour – that emotions encourage. This realm of transitions concerns rationality. After sketching the relevant distinctions, I will endeavour to justify the view that emotions should be appraised in terms of all three terms. (shrink)

A partir da denúncia da contraditória presença de pressupostos morais dogmáticos na formulação dos princípios norteadores da atividade científica, Nietzsche concebe uma outra noção de cientificidade, compatível com a opção hegemônica pelo saber, que ele reconhece como presente na cultura ocidental. O presente artigo visa a discutir sob quais parâmetros Nietzsche, no período intermediário de sua produção filosófica, empreende sua interpretação da cientificidade ocidental e como, apresentando-se como seu fomentador, ele formula uma crítica desmistificadora desta.

In recent decades, Claude Lefort has become a recurring reference point for mainstream authors hostile to populism. This article delves into the paradoxical character of Lefort’s own ‘populism’ to challenge these anti-populist approaches. It explores Lefort’s nuanced stance in which, despite his explicit rejection of populism, he nevertheless embraced social division and the empowerment of the people against the grandees. The analysis is divided into three parts. First, it presents Lefort’s objections to populism, echoed by scholars such as Marilena Chaui, (...) Andrew Arato, Nadia Urbinati, Pierre Rosanvallon and Stefan Rummens, who often associate populism with Carl Schmitt’s political theology. The second part highlights latent ‘populist’ elements in Lefort’s work, as examined through his study of Machiavelli and his reflections on a wild democracy. The third part critically assesses the supposed rupture between Lefort and populist thinkers such as Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, identifying moments of consistent theoretical alignment and even shared political engagement rather than stark disagreement. The conclusion challenges the prevailing narrative by positing a sophisticated theory of populism in Lefort’s work. It emphasises the inclusive and emancipatory aspects of appeals to the ‘people’ without overlooking potentially undemocratic expressions. Ultimately, the article argues for a nuanced understanding of populism from Lefort’s work, emphasising the need for a delicate balance in navigating between populism’s democratic and tyrannical manifestations. (shrink)

En este escrito se presentan algunos desarrollos de la teoría política de John Rawls ahondando en aquellas categorías que permitan contrastar aspectos de los planteamientos rawlsianos con spectos del pensamiento utilitarista clásico. El propósito es discernir qué tan grande es la deuda que tienen pensadores contemporáneos como Rawls con autores clásicos del siglo XIX tales como Bentham y Mill.

In this paper we examine some proposals to disprove the hypothesis that the interaction between mind and matter causes the collapse of the wave function, showing that such proposals are fundamentally flawed. We then describe a general experimental setup retaining the key features of the ones examined, and show that even a more general case is inadequate to disprove the mind-matter collapse hypothesis. Finally, we use our setup provided to argue that, under some reasonable assumptions about consciousness, such hypothesis is (...) unfalsifiable. (shrink)

This paper is the result of reflections inspired by observing and participating in dancing sessions with children. Our experience of the latter led to the production of images that provoked a variety of questions, and invited us to think about the relationships between bodies, dance, and various forms of education. Among these questions were: what clues about the experience of human embodiment are given through observing children’s dance? What can children teach us through participating with them in this performative medium, (...) and what are its implications for education, most especially in light of our observations of children's inventiveness in this regard? Our impressions resonate and find expression in the oeuvre of Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Michel Foucault, Jan Masschelein and Manoel de Barros. Placing ourselves under their influence, we mobilized our thinking and opened ourselves to the emergent character of their ideas, resulting in what might be called a form of “dancing-writing” in which those two forms of expression interact. This dancing-writing is informed by and imbued with children’s lived experience: step by step, we walked the paths that they opened, recording as best we could their multisensorial approach to the world—gaze, taste, smell, sound, touch, movement. Ours was an experience of research on movement, with movement, in movement. As such, we harbor no intention to present final answers, but rather offer the reader an invitation to think philosophically and childishly. Ours is an invitation to dance with and among the questions which that very dance inspired. (shrink)

À quoi bon la pensée? Pour de nombreux chercheurs, inspirés par les théories évolutionnistes, la pensée réfléchie est utile à notre espèce. Elle lui confère des avantages importants et contribue à son succès reproductif. Pourtant ses avantages ne sont pas si évidents. La pensée ne figure ni dans les mécanismes de l'évolution qui ont façonné la vie, ni parmi les procédés dont se servent la plupart des organismes pour s'y maintenir. Dans Évolution et rationalité, Ronald de Sousa montre que, (...) pour comprendre les avantages de la pensée réfléchie, il faut changer nos présupposés relatifs à la rationalité et reconnaître la multiplicité de ses dimensions. La rationalité ne nous sert pas seulement à avoir des croyances vraies et à agir de manière efficace dans un environnement changeant. Elle nous aide à gérer nos plaisirs et nos peines dans le temps et nous permet d'envisager des situations qui n'existent pas. En général, le statut de la rationalité comme ensemble de capacités ayant évolué dans le cours de l'histoire naturelle de notre espèce, passant des tropismes aux désirs et de la détection à la représentation, n'a pas été pris suffisamment au sérieux. Suivre ce processus d'évolution de la rationalité permet de comprendre comment elle est devenue une norme, mais aussi pourquoi il lui arrive aussi souvent d'échouer. Ronald de Sousa a profondément modifié nos façons de concevoir les émotions. Avec Évolution et rationalité, il pourrait avoir une influence aussi décisive sur nos façons de concevoir la rationalité. (shrink)

Dissertação: SOUSA, Marco Túlio de. As narrativas do Reino: Análise narrativa de programas televisivos da Igreja Universal nas madrugadas mineiras. 2014. 186f. Dissertação em Comunicação Social. Programa de Pós-graduação em Comunicação Social da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte.